Cerebral ischemia is the result of decreased brain perfusion secondary to increased ICP. The harmful effects of intracranial hypertension are primarily due to brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia. From here, it flows into the subarachnoid space via the foramina of Magendie and Luschka and is eventually reabsorbed into the dural venous sinuses by arachnoid granulation. From the third ventricle, CSF reaches the fourth ventricle through the aqueduct of Sylvius. It is secreted by the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles, travels to the third ventricle via the foramen of Monroe.
The clinical implication of the change in volume of the component is a decrease in cerebral blood flow or herniation of the brain.ĬSF is a clear fluid found in the subarachnoid spaces and ventricles that cushions the brain and spinal cord.
An increase in the volume of one component will result in a decrease in volume in one or two of the other components. That is, the total volumes of the brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and intracranial blood are fixed. The Monroe-Kellie Doctrine states that the contents of the cranium are in a state of constant volume. Any increase in the volume of its contents will increase the pressure within the cranial vault. The cranium is a rigid structure that contains three main components: brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood. The pressure in the cranial vault is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is normally less than 20 mm Hg. Intracranial hypertension (IH) is a clinical condition that is associated with an elevation of the pressures within the cranium.
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